新农村建设中体育休闲的若干问题研究

发展新农村体育休闲是建设小康社会的一项不可忽视的内容,有助于提高农村人口素质和农民生活质量,推动乡风文明,保持社会的和谐稳定,但农村乡风文化背景、现有生产力水平、农民休闲意识及体育场馆设施是农村体育休闲发展的主要制约因素。通过加强农村体育休闲的宣传,树立体育服务的理念;建立有效的投入保障机制,改善农民体育休闲的结构;发展体育休闲文化,提升农民体育休闲的品位等,给未来农村体育休闲的建设性发展提出建议及对策,旨在为新农村体育休闲发展贡献一份力量。     

Spatial variability and change in soil organic carbon stocks in response to recovery following land abandonment and erosion in mountainous drylands

This research investigates the impact of human activities on carbon (C) dynamics in a mountainous and semi‐arid environment. Despite the low C status of drylands, soil organic carbon (SOC) is the largest C pool in these systems and therefore may offer significant C sequestration potential in systems recovering from degradation. Nevertheless, quantification of this potential is limited by lack of knowledge concerning the magnitude of and controls on regional SOC stocks. Therefore, this study aimed to (i) investigate the variability of soil organic carbon in relation to recovery period and key soil and topographical variables, and (ii) quantify the effects of recovery period following abandonment on SOC stocks. Soil profiles were sampled in the Sierra de los Filabres (southeast Spain) in different land units along geomorphic and degradation gradients. SOC contents were modelled using recovery period and soil and topographical variables. Sample depth, topographic position, altitude, recovery period and stone content were identified as the main factors for predicting SOC concentrations. SOC stocks in 1 m depth of soil varied between 3.16 and 76.44 t/ha. Recovery period (years since abandonment), topographic position and altitude were used to predict and map SOC stocks in the top 0.2 m. The results show that C accumulates rapidly during the first 10–50 yr following abandonment; thereafter, the stocks evolve towards a steady‐state level. The erosion zones in the study area demonstrate greater potential to increase their SOC stocks when abandoned. Deposition zones have greater SOC values, although their C accumulation rate is lower compared with erosional landscapes in the first 10–50 yr following abandonment. Therefore, full understanding of the C sequestration potential of land use change in areas of complex topography requires knowledge of spatial variability in soil properties and in particular SOC.     

Variability in energy partitioning and resistance parameters for a vineyard in northwest China

Grapevines are extensively grown in the semiarid and arid regions, but little information is available on the variability of energy partitioning and resistance parameters for the vineyard. To address this question, an eddy covariance system was applied to measure energy balance over a vineyard in northwest China during 2005-2006. Result indicated that 2-year average Bowen ratio (β) of vineyard was 1.0, canopy resistance (r_c) 289.3 s m⁻¹, aerodynamic resistance (r_a) 9.7 s m⁻¹ and climatological resistance (r_i) 117 s m⁻¹. This implied that the annual energy was split almost equally between sensible heat and latent heat. Compared to the corresponding values in other ecosystems reported by Wilson et al. [Wilson, K.B., Baldocchi, D.D., Aubinet, M., Berbigier, P., Bernhofer, C., Dolman, H., Falge, E., Field, C., Goldstein, A., Granier, A., Grelle, A., Halldor, T., Hollinger, D., Katul, G., Law, B.E., Lindroth, A., Meyers, T., Moncrieff, J., Monson, R., Oechel, W., Tenhunen, J., Valentini, R., Verma, S., Vesala, T., Wofsy, S., 2002. Energy partitioning between latent and sensible heat flux during the warm season at FLUXNET sites. Water Resource Research 38, 1294-1305.], the vineyard had a higher β, r_c and r_i than deciduous forests, corn and soybean, and grassland. Such difference was mainly attributed to (1) serious water stress in 2005, which resulted in a greater r_c up to 364.4 s m⁻¹; (2) sparse canopy with row spacing of 2.9 m and plant spacing of 1.8 m; (3) warm-dry climate and high attitude (1581 m) along with higher r_i and lower psychrometer (54 Pa K⁻¹) in the arid region of northwest China. These characters of vineyard revealed varying process of energy partitioning and surface resistance, and provided a scientific basis in understanding and modeling water and energy balance for the vineyard in the semiarid and arid regions.     

The Impacts of Irrational Exploitation and Utilization of Water Resources on Land Desertification and Its Countermeasures in the Arid Area of China

水是干旱区最为宝贵的自然资源之一，水量平衡在很大程度上影响着土地荒漠化过程．本文在荒漠化公约所作的荒漠化气候分区的基础上，对干旱区因水资源的不合理利用对土地荒漠化的影响如土壤盐渍化、植被退化和现有耕地的废弃加以综合分析，并据此提出了缓解这些影响的相应对策．     

多维贫困视角下喀斯特区贫困乡村空间分异与地域类型划分

喀斯特地区贫困程度深且致贫原因复杂，科学划分喀斯特贫困乡村地域类型并提出差异化振兴对策，是喀斯特贫困地区的现实需要。该研究通过构建喀斯特贫困乡村地域系统评价指标体系，对贫困村主导致贫因素进行分级与空间排列组合，划分喀斯特贫困乡村地域类型，提出喀斯特贫困乡村的振兴策略。结果表明：1）喀斯特贫困乡村的空间分异主要受地势起伏度、坡度、耕地比例和人均纯收入等的影响，贫困程度与贫困聚集规模均呈现出南高北低的空间格局。2）喀斯特贫困乡村可划分为：弱综合制约型、强综合制约型、单致贫维度制约型、双维度制约型和三维度制约型贫困村。3）生态脆弱性在喀斯特贫困乡村地域分异中起决定性作用，经济基础薄弱是喀斯特贫困乡村的共性特点，生产资源禀赋与区位交通条件起重要作用。该研究能够为喀斯特贫困乡村减缓相对贫困的模式与路径设计及乡村振兴战略实施提供理论支撑。     

山区生态示范区建设的探索与实践——以四川省洪雅县为例

农村生态环境恶化、经济发展滞后一直是困扰山区可持续发展的难题。以洪雅县生态示范区为例,指出山区开展生态示范区建设存在的问题,结合山区的特点探讨了在山区建设生态示范区的途径。     

高油大豆优质高产同步旱作栽培体系的研究

为建立高油大豆优质高产同步旱作栽培体系,进行了抗(耐)旱高油高产大豆品种(系)筛选,土壤水份对高油大豆产量和油分含量的影响,蓄水保墒耕作技术研究,大豆行间覆膜栽培技术对产量的影响等单项研究及对高油高产抗旱单项栽培技术组装研究.结果如下:筛选出适宜黑龙江省大豆主产区种植的抗(耐)旱高油大豆品种黑农37、黑农41、黑农44、舍丰40、垦农4、红丰11、黑河27、合丰47;黑农41品种,任何生育时期受到干旱胁迫都会对其产量和油分含量造成负面影响,其干旱胁迫影响程度表现为:结荚-鼓粒期》鼓粒期》结荚期》花期》苗期,以结荚～鼓粒期干旱胁迫影响最大,可使单株产量下降27.1%,油分下降12.6%;秋翻秋起垄整地是较好蓄水保墒耕作技术,较春搅茬起垄有较明显增产效果,增产幅度为14.28%～16.67%;黑农44品种适宜种植密度垄上穴播为20～25万株hm-2,垄上双条播为25万株hm-2;大豆行间覆膜栽培技术在适应推广区域内是一项具有显著增产效果和推广价值的栽培技术,其增产幅度为13.55%～25.4%;提出建立高油大豆高产高油同步旱作栽培技术体系的最佳模式:以高油品种黑农44为核心,在蓄水保墒的秋翻秋起垄的耕作基础上,配之穴播 优化施肥(N7 P14 K10) 抗旱种衣剂 抗旱叶面肥 行间覆膜.     

欠发达地区农村劳动力资源合理开发配置策略研究——基于福建省两县农村劳动力资源配置状况的调查

摘 要：分析了福建省欠发达地区农村劳动力资源配置存在的问题，提出了建立健全农村劳动力市场体系，设立农民职业生涯规划机构，帮助农民设计职业生涯，引导农民参加与其相适配的职业培训，开辟就业空间，促进农村劳动力合理流动的对策与建议。     

对欠发达地区探索“老有所养”特色之路的思考——基于江苏省东海县建设新型农村社会养老保险制度的实证分析

介绍了江苏省东海县新型农村社会养老保险制度建设的基本情况和成功经验，指出经济欠发达地区必须充分考虑当地经济发展状况、公共财政支持力度、农民承受能力等各方面因素，通过制度创新走出一条适应当地农村经济与社会发展的养老保险之路。     

民族地区电脑农业推广体制的研究

从电脑农业在一些西部民族地区的实践来看 ,在西部民族地区推广电脑农业大有必要。笔者首先阐释目前西部民族地区电脑农业推广现状 ,然后分析西部民族地区电脑农业推广工作中存在的问题 ,最后就西部民族地区电脑农业推广体制进行研究 ,并提出相关对策。